问题详情

The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many great writers. Before considering the question, it will be useful to introduce some relating concepts. Conflict, defined【M1】______ as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independent striving for something that is in【M2】______ inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, that has been defined as a process by which social entities function【M3】______ in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted to【M4】______ cooperation, the process which social entities function in the service【M5】______ of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from premise that, in the struggle for【M6】______ existence, only the fittest survive. In general, therefore, this struggle in【M7】______ nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership for the group. The【M8】______ struggle for existence occurs not in fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and the occupancy of areas free from【M9】______ meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to be other species. The struggle for【M10】______ existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials.

【M1】

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