问题详情

Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly with the amount of listening they do before they start speaking,【M1】______ and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, much【M2】______ children will also ask questions by gesture and by making question noises【M3】______ Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerate difficulties. It is【M4】______ agreed that they enjoy making noises, and during the first few months【M5】______ one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the babys intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded for early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from【M6】______ about three months they play with sounds by enjoyment.【M7】______ It is a problem we need not get our teeth into it The meaning【M8】______ of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation; and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains less experience of the world. Thus the use,【M9】______ at say seven months, of "mama" as a greeting for his mother can not be dismissed as a meaningful sound simply because he also uses them at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes.【M10】______

【M1】

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